Glossary of Terms

	Title	Definition
	EPR	Engine Pressure Ratio. Measure of thrust developed in turbofan jet engines.
	Erroneous Indication	A display where a difference of scale exists between the actual and displayed values [AMC to CS25.1309].
	Error	An omission or incorrect action by a crew member or maintenance personnel, or a mistake in requirements, design, or implementation [AMC to CS25.1309]. An act that through ignorance, deficiency, or accident departs from or fails to achieve what should be done. Errors can be predictable and random. Errors can also be categorised as primary or contributory. Primary errors are those committed by personnel immediately and directly involved with the accident. Contributory errors result from actions on the part of personnel whose duties preceded and affected the situation during which the results of the error became apparent. The difference between a computed, observed, or measured value or condition and true, specified, or theoretically correct value or condition. A mistake in engineering, requirement specification, or design, implementation, or operation which could result in a failure, and /or contributory hazard. There are four types of Human Errors: Omission Commission Sequence Timing
	ESARR	EUROCONTROL Safety Regulatory Requirement
	ETA	Estimated time of arrival.
	ETD	Estimated time of departure.
	Event.	An occurrence which has its origin distinct from the aeroplane, such as atmospheric conditions (e.g. gusts, temperature variations, icing and lightning strikes), runway conditions, conditions of communication, navigation, and surveillance services, bird-strike, cabin and baggage fires. The term is not intended to cover sabotage [AMC to CS25.1309].
	Explosion Proof	The item is designed to withstand an internal explosion; designed to vent explosive bases below ignition temperature
	FAA	Federal Aviation Administration.
	FAC	Flight Augmentation Computer.
	FADEC	Full Authority Digital Engine Control.
	Fail Safe	A design feature that ensures that the system remains safe or, in the event of a failure will cause the system to revert to a state which will not cause an accident. A characteristic of a system whereby any malfunction affecting the system safety will cause the system to revert to a state that is known to be within acceptable risk parameters.
	Fail-Operational	A characteristic in design which permits continued operation in spite of the occurrence of a discrete malfunction.
	Fail-Soft	Pertaining to a system that continues to provide partial operational capability in the event of a certain malfunction.
	Failure	An occurrence, which affects the operation of a component, part, or element such that it can no longer function as intended, (this includes both loss of function and malfunction). Note: Errors may cause Failures, but are not considered to be Failures [AMC to CS25]. The inability of a system, subsystem, component, or part to perform its required function within specified limits, under specified conditions for a specified duration. The termination of the ability of an item to perform its intended function(s), i.e., a loss of function or a malfunction. Failures of sub-components, safety features, or consumable items associated with a part-number-controlled component are considered within the context of the higher-level component failure effect. The failures to be considered are based on the most severe airplane-level effect that cannot be reasonably ruled out by knowledgeable persons [ANM-03-117-10, page 2].

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